Narrative as Soft Violence in Margaret Drabble’s The Pure Gold Baby
Keywords:
Margaret Drabble, The Pure Gold Baby, Pierre Bourdieu, soft Violence, anthropology, disability, education, domination, IQ racism, colonialism, neo-Colonialism, missionariesAbstract
This article deals with Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of “symbolic” or “soft” violencein Margaret Drabble’s latest novel, The Pure Gold Baby (2013). The novel is about a young anthropologist student, who becomes pregnant whilst in a relationship with her married professor. Her promising academic career and dreams of being a field anthropologist and of returning to Africa are put to one side and she becomes a desk-bound anthropologist in north London while caring for her daughter, the “pure gold baby” of the title, who suffers from serious developmental problems. The article reflects the importance of the ambiguity of narration in the novel in which soft violence is practiced by the author, the narrator, the protagonist, the educational and religious institutions, as well as through the class structure. It shows a complex and interrelated thematic and theoretical strands, discussing the novelist as anthropologist, narration as controlling authorial act, the shift from victimhood to perpetration of violence in the exploration of gender, education and sexuality.It explores the soft violence of racism and colonial exploitation and domination.
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References
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………………..(2001). Masculine domination (richard nice, trans.).stanford, california: stanford university press.
……………….. (1998). Practical reason: on the theory of action. Stanford, california: stanford university press.
………………..& jean-claude passeron (1977, rep. 1990).reproduction in education, society and culture (richard nice, trans.).london, england: sage.
………………..(1993). Sociology in question(richard nice, trans.).london england: sage.
………………..(1962).the algerians (alan c. M. Ross, trans.). Toronto: beacon press.
……………….. (1986). The forms of capital. In john g. Richardson (ed.), handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-258). New york, ny: greenwood press.
……………….. (1990).the logic of practice(richard nice, trans.). Cambridge: polity press.
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Geertz, clifford (1973). The interpretation of cultures: selected essays. New york, ny: basic books.
Go, julian(2013). Decolonizing bourdieu: colonial and postcolonial theory in pierre bourdieu’s early work, sociological theory.american sociological association,31 (1), 49 –74. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/2075351/decolonizing_bourdieu_colonial_and_postcolonial_theory_in_pierre_bourdieus_early_work
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Irigaray, luce (1985).this sex which is not one (catherine porter with carolyn burke, trans.). New york, ny: cornell university press.
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http://www.popmatters.com/review/176199-the-pure-gold-baby-by-margaret-drabble/
Leeming, glenda (2006).margaret drabble.tavistock: northcote. British council.
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………………..(2005b). Outlandish cinema.screening the other in italy. In sandra ponzanesi and daniela merolla (eds.), migrant cartographies: new cultural and literary spaces in postcolonial europe(pp. 267-280). Lanham, md.: lexingtonbooks.
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Bourdieu, pierre, passeron, jean-claude & martin, monique de saint (1994).academic discourse: linguistic misunderstanding and professional power (richard teese, trans.). Cambridge: polity press.
Bourdieu, pierre (1996a).distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste (richard nice, trans.). Harvard: harvard university press.
………………..&eagleton, terry (1992).doxa and common life.new left review.191, 111-121. Retrieved from http://newleftreview.org/i/191/terry-eagleton-pierre-bourdieu-doxa-andcommon-life
………………(1991).language and symbolic power (gino raymond and matthew adamson, trans.).oxford: polity press.
………………..(2001). Masculine domination (richard nice, trans.).stanford, california: stanford university press.
……………….. (1998). Practical reason: on the theory of action. Stanford, california: stanford university press.
………………..& jean-claude passeron (1977, rep. 1990).reproduction in education, society and culture (richard nice, trans.).london, england: sage.
………………..(1993). Sociology in question(richard nice, trans.).london england: sage.
………………..(1962).the algerians (alan c. M. Ross, trans.). Toronto: beacon press.
……………….. (1986). The forms of capital. In john g. Richardson (ed.), handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-258). New york, ny: greenwood press.
……………….. (1990).the logic of practice(richard nice, trans.). Cambridge: polity press.
……………….. (1996b).the state nobility: elite schools in the field of power (lauretta c. Clough, trans.). Oxford: polity press.
Bromberg, pamela s. (1990, autumn). Margaret drabble'sthe radiant way: feminist metafiction. Novel: a forum on fiction.24 (1), 5-25. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1345722
Creighton, joanne v. (1982). An interview with margaret drabble. In dorey schmidt (ed.), margaret drabble: golden realms(pp. 18-32). Edinburg, tx: pan american univ.
David livingstone’s life.livingstone online.retrieved from http://www.livingstoneonline.ucl.ac.uk/biog/dl/bio.html.
Day, elizabeth (2013, november 16).the pure gold baby by margaret drabble.the observer.retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/16/pure-gold-babymargaret-drabble-review.
Donaldson, emily (2014, january 01). The pure gold baby by margaret drabble.retrieved from http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2014/01/01/the_pure_gold_baby_by_margaret_drabble_review.html
Drabble, margaret (2013a, november 4). In our head we switch tenses all the time.metro. Retrieved from http://metro.co.uk/2013/11/04/margaret-drabble-in-our-head-we-switchtenses-all-the-time-4170280/
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………………… (2011, march 19).the millstone.the guardian.retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/mar/19/book-club-margaret-drabble-millstone
………………… (2013c).the pure gold baby. Edinburgh, england: canongate.
Duran, jane (2007).women, philosophy and literature.aldershot: ashgate publishing company.
Dutton, edward. The philosophy of anthropology.internet encyclopaedia of philosophyiep.retrieved from http://www.iep.utm.edu/anthropo/
Eysenck, h. J. (1982). Epilogue: is intelligence?. In h. J. Eysenck (ed.),a model for intelligence (pp.255-259).new york, ny: springer berlin heidelberg.
Fanon, frantz (2001). The wretched of the earth. Invincent b. Leitch (ed.)the norton anthology of theory and criticism (pp. 1578-1587). New york, ny: w. W. Norton & company.
Foucault, michel (1998). Aesthetics, method, and epistemology:essential works 1954-1984vol.2(robert hurley and others, trans.). New york, ny: the new press.
Geertz, clifford (1973). The interpretation of cultures: selected essays. New york, ny: basic books.
Go, julian(2013). Decolonizing bourdieu: colonial and postcolonial theory in pierre bourdieu’s early work, sociological theory.american sociological association,31 (1), 49 –74. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/2075351/decolonizing_bourdieu_colonial_and_postcolonial_theory_in_pierre_bourdieus_early_work
Goring, rosemary (2013, november 24). Margaret drabble: the pure gold baby.heraldscotland.retrieved from http://www.heraldscotland.com/bookspoetry/review/margaretdrabble-the-pure-gold-baby-canongate.22735547
Goudie, jeffrey ann ( 2013, november 03). The pure gold baby goes deep and wide.missoulian.com. Retrieved from http://missoulian.com/entertainment/books-and-literature/the-pure-gold-babygoes-deep-and-wide/article_e8d4fa58-431c-11e3-b1d9-0019bb2963f4.html
Hannay, john (1985, june 20 and 25). Margaret drabble: an interview. Twentieth century literature.33 (2), 129-149. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/441312
Heller, zoë (2003).notes on a scandal. London, england: penguin.
Hill, lisa (2013, december 8). The pure gold baby by margaret drabble.anz litlovers_litblog. Retrieved from http://anzlitlovers.com/2013/12/08/the-pure-gold-baby-by-margaret-drabble/
Hirt, elizabeth (2013). Language in the silent space: virginia woolf's to the lighthouse.the oswald review.7 (1), article 5, 61-71. Retrieved from
http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/tor/vol7/iss1/5
Irigaray, luce (1985).this sex which is not one (catherine porter with carolyn burke, trans.). New york, ny: cornell university press.
Kirksey, eben (fall 2002). Anthropology and colonial violence in west papua.melanesia: the future of tradition.26 (3). Retrieved from http://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/anthropology-and-colonialviolence-west-papua
Langan, michael d. (2013, november 3). Drabble’spure gold baby addresses motherhood with complications.news book reviewer. Retrieved from http://www.buffalonews.com/life-arts/bookreviews/drabbles-pure-gold-baby-addresses-motherhood-with-complications-20131101
Leach, diane (2013, november 12).the pure gold baby: tells of the children who smile at everyone and everything.popmatters. Retrieved from
http://www.popmatters.com/review/176199-the-pure-gold-baby-by-margaret-drabble/
Leeming, glenda (2006).margaret drabble.tavistock: northcote. British council.
Lin, lidan (2005). Spatial narrative and postfeminist fiction: margaret drabble’sthe radiant way. English studies.86 (1), 51-70. Retrieved from http://opus.ipfw.edu/english_facpubs/250
Lizardo, omar (2010). Pierre bourdieu as a post-cultural theorist’, cultural sociology, 5(1), 1–22. Retrieved fromhttps://www3.nd.edu/~olizardo/papers/cs-bourdieu.pdf
Massie, allan (2013, november 9). Book review:the pure gold baby by margaret drabble.the scotsman.retrieved from http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/books/book-review-the-pure-goldbaby-by-margaret-drabble-1-3181709.
Mcclellan, ann k. (2012).how british women writers transformed the campus novel: virginia woolf, dorothy l. Sayers, margaret drabble, anita brookner, jeanette winterson. New york, ny:edwin mellen press.
Mcleod, julie (2005, march 30). Feminists rereading bourdieu: old debates and new questions about gender habitus and gender change’, theory and research in education.retrieved from http://www.sagepublications.com
Moi, toril (1991 autumn).appropriating bourdieu: feminist theory and pierre bourdieu’s sociology of culture.new literary history.22 (4), 1017-1049. Retrieved from
http://www.torilmoi.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/appropriating_bourdieu_moi1.pdf
Muston, samuel (2010, september 18). My secret life: margaret drabble, author, 71. The independent. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/my-secretlife-margaret-drabble-author-71-2080156.html
Navarro, zander (2006). In search of cultural interpretation of power.ids bulletin37(6), 11-22.doi: 10.1111/j.1759-5436.2006.tb00319.x
Nye, jr., joseph s. (2004).soft power: means to success in world politics. New york, ny: public affairs.
Ornelas, mariana. Women and carpet weaving in turkey.turkish culture portal. Retrieved fromhttp://www.turkishculture.org/tapestry/anatolian-carpets/carpet-weaving-tradition-600.htm
Pels, peter (1997, october). The anthropology of colonialism: culture, history, and the emergence of western governmentality.annaual review of anthropology.26, 163-
113.doi: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.163.
Peters, gabriel (2011).the social as heaven and hell: pierre bourdieu's philosophical anthropology.journal for the theory of social behaviour42 (1), 0021-8308. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/365090/the_social_as_heaven_and_hell_pierre_bourdieus_philosophical_anthropology
Peyre, claudine (2011). Three interviews with margaret drabble.cercles21, 112-130. Retrieved from http://www.cercles.com/n21/peyre.pdf
Ponzanesi, sandra (2005a). Beyond the black venus: colonial sexual politics and contemporary visual practices. Injacqueline andall and derek duncan (eds.), italian colonialism: legacies and memories (pp.165-189). Oxford: peter lang press.
………………..(2005b). Outlandish cinema.screening the other in italy. In sandra ponzanesi and daniela merolla (eds.), migrant cartographies: new cultural and literary spaces in postcolonial europe(pp. 267-280). Lanham, md.: lexingtonbooks.
Rayson, ann (1978, summar).motherhood in the novels of margaret drabble’, frontiers: a journal of women studies, 3 (2), 43-46. Mothers and daughters.retrieved
fromhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3346399
Reed-danahay, deborah (2005).locating bourdieu.indiana university press.
Rose, ellen cronan (spring, 1988). The sexual politics of narration: margaret drabble’s feminist fiction.studies in the novel.20 (1), 86-99. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/29532546
Said, edward (winter, 1989). Representing the colonized: anthropology's interlocutors.critical inquiry.15:2, 205-225. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1343582
Schubert, j. Daniel (2008).suffering/symbolic violence.inmichael grenfell (ed.),pierre bourdieu: key concepts(pp. 183-198). Stocksfield, uk: acumen.
Showalter, elaine (1978).a literature of their own: british novelists from bronte to lessing. London, england: virago.
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24-03-2015
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Bushra, J. (2015). Narrative as Soft Violence in Margaret Drabble’s The Pure Gold Baby. SOCRATES, 3(1), 1–34. Retrieved from https://www.socratesjournal.com/index.php/SOCRATES/article/view/123
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